For example, one new challenge involves deciding in which . Not a MyNAP member yet? The report makes five broad recommendations which offer practical ways to apply the behavioral and social sciences, which will bring the IC substantial immediate and longer-term benefits with modest costs and minimal disruption. Fingar, T. (2011). Last year, for example, the Central Intelligence Agency specifically denied a Freedom of Information Act request from the Federation of American Scientists for intelligence budget information dating back to 1947. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. The goal is to identify some com- With rare exception, the desire for secrecy comes from the agencies and departments responsible for U.S. intelligence activities, while the demand for transparency comes from the American public, who are often shielded from the details of such activities. Improve cost, schedule, performance, planning, execution, and transparency in major system acquisitions, while promoting innovation and agility. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Intelligence Community. Strategic counterintelligence implements information gathering and effectiveness of activities conducted to minimize foreign intelligence threats. (1975). There is a need for the IC community to adopt technologies adopted by enemies to strengthen their capabilities. How well the IC meets these needs depends on the human capital embodied in its people and processes. But although our values are enduring, the manner in which our activities reflect those values must necessarily adapt to changing societal expectations and norms. Combination of these INTs will result in better and up-to-date knowledge. "Strategic Warning Intelligence is an important new study of the critical problem of intelligence warning. One barrier is securing systematic feedback regarding analytical performance. (2009). This article analyzes the main contemporary challenges facing strategic intelligence, particularly in Israel and the United States. Our Government’s activities must always reflect and reinforce our core democratic values. Genuine national security secrecy pertains to that body of information which, if disclosed, could actually damage national security in some identifiable way. The Director of National Intelligence shall establish requirements and priorities for foreign intelligence information to be collected under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. In response to the need to explore new analytic processes and practices for the IC, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence asked the National Research Council to establish a committee to synthesize and assess evidence from the behavioral and social sciences relevant to analytic methods and their potential application for the IC: see Box 1-3 for the full charge. On January 22, 2021, the New York Times reported that the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) was acquiring commercially available databases from vendors containing U.S. person location data generated by smartphone applications, and the DIA was periodically using that data to track U.S. person device locations (specifically, the Times reported, "Defense Intelligence Agency analysts have . (2011). When looking at the total context of intelligence within the United States, it can often seem as though it is merely a field wrought with peril, and without much in the way of opportunities to balance out its myriad of ongoing challenges. And these challenges we take back to the EPIC committee, we have multiple options, and then we vote on which one we like the best. In Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow: Advances from the Behavioral and Social Sciences, the NRC offers the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) recommendations to address many of the IC's challenges. While this report is usually not uplifting, this edition in particular warns of "more intense and cascading global challenges" ahead. The Jewish community is facing unprecedented challenges. intelligence. Strategic Intent. ings from around the world into English. for only $16.05 $11/page. 10, First Avenue,Muswell Hill,New York, United States. Many come from Russian activities, which Clapper describes as "a throwback to the Cold War." He added that the Russians are quite serious about their stake in the Arctic. It ensures that the CI community acts effectively and efficiently because NCIX ensures coordination and cooperation of counterterrorism activities. The amount of power these power-hungry algorithms use is a factor keeping most developers away. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 254-284. In 2005, ODNI’s Open Source Center (OSC) absorbed and expanded FBIS’ capabilities distributed through its online World News Connection. Available: https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csistudies/studies/Vol49no2/reexamining_the_distinction_3.htm [May 2010]. Integration is indeed one of the central challenges. Therefore, transparency allows Americans to help to ensure accountability in the IC and to help determine what actions are truly needed for national security. This position may reflect both experience and the intuitive tendency to place greater value on narrowly held information (Spellman, 2011). Since 1957, the U.S. Joint Publication Research Service has translated and published unclassified writ-. The last several weeks have seen a series of reckless disclosures of classified information about intelligence activities. Early in the nation’s history, most intelligence activities were primarily focused on foreign military capabilities and as such received really no domestic attention. They include anthropology, psychology, sociology, economics, decision science, political science, cognitive science, communication science, history, and epidemiology. (2004). A large body of research also documents gaps between how people explain their decisions and statistical analyses of the processes that drive them. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/archive/ll/highlights.htm, Office of the Director of National Intelligence. We will write a custom Critical Writing on Future Challenges within the Intelligence Community specifically for you. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. These customers ask different questions, require different intelligence support, and have different tolerance levels for false alarms and ability to plan for worst-case scenarios than the IC’s traditional military customers. Chapter 5 considers how to optimize internal collaboration, allowing analysts to share information and learn from one another, thereby making best use of the community’s resources. Chapter 6 considers the communications needed for customers to inform analysts about their changing needs and for analysts to inform customers about the changing world. For example, imagery analysts must use signals intelligence (SIGINT) and human intelligence (HUMINT) to clarify what they observe in imagery intelligence (IMINT). In a critical analysis of the situation, managing such a more technically astute and younger workforce sometimes presents challenges in various forms and shapes - not the least of which . In J.E. Dawson, N.V., A.F. The (literal and figurative) proximity of analysts and customers improves communication and trust between them, but having so many specialized intelligence units also creates problems. In this book, the Intelligence Community's Vision 2015 is examined, which enhances interagency intelligence organisations and helps consumers understand the mission, background, opportunities, and challenges facing the Intelligence ... How has the icy relationship between the President and the Intelligence Community impacted national security? Intellipedia is a Wikipedia-like system created by and for members of the IC and used to share information about intelligence-related topics. (2005). The IC shares many of the characteristics, strengths, and pathologies of other complex organizations. (2008a). Download Full PDF Package. This Act has been accused of being unconstitutional and many groups very publicly demand reforms. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book. Here, too, research has resulted in methods to evaluate the theoretical soundness of these measures, to evaluate their success, and to develop improvements (e.g., Lawrence and Lorsch, 1967; Weick, 1995). "Consistent with our requests, Mr. Evanina, a career member of the Intelligence Community who has served under both Republican and Democratic presidents, released the first of a planned series of statements to the American public on threats . It has also created high tolerance for false alarms. Federation of American Scientists. Strategic Plan 2007-2012: Leading the Defense Intelligence Enterprise. Real risks include cyber risk, weapons of mass destruction, human trafficking, narcotics trafficking, and criminal gangs. A-Space is a common collaborative workspace for all analysts in the IC. Do you enjoy reading reports from the Academies online for free? Earlier in this class, you explored several misperceptions about the field of intelligence. These disclosures threaten to cause long-lasting and irreversible harm to our ability to identify and respond to the many threats facing our Nation. James Clapper, director of national intelligence (DNI), addressed some of the more pressing challenges facing the U.S. intelligence community. See http://www.dniopensource.org/ [August 2010] for more information on the agenda of the 2008 conference. Decision makers who know about that accuracy (e.g., farmers, military planners) use them as a valuable input to their decision making. Slovic, P., D. Fleissner, and W.S. This is not necessarily indicative of systemic problems, but rather that the field of intelligence is dynamic. I will focus on the technology challenges. suite of proven scientific analytical methods available for application within the IC. (2009b). Wilson, T.D. Warn of strategic trends and events so that policymakers, military officials, and civil authorities can effectively deter, prevent, or respond to threats and take advantage of opportunities. Baron, J., and J.C. Hershey. Available: http://www.dni.gov/IC_Consumers_Guide_2009.pdf [March 2010]. The president-elect and his DNI should act promptly and assertively to reverse Trump's mistreatment, revitalize Community morale, and, through aggressive but prudent investment in critical technologies, let U.S. allies and adversaries know that America's Intelligence Community has the full confidence and support of the Biden administration. However, as intelligence budgets grew, a more formalized and robust IC structure was put in place and the need to conduct aggressive domestic intelligence operations materialized, a demand for simultaneous secrecy and transparency occurred. As the amount of data increases, these challenges will only be exacerbated. The act of collecting intelligence about individuals, groups, or states of interest has come under increasing scrutiny since September 11, 2001. You have already studied this in-depth in previous lessons. GAO's work provides important insight on matters such as best practices to be shared and benchmarked and how government and nongovernmental partners can become better aligned to achieve important outcomes for the nation. MO2: Counter Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation. Zegart, A. View our suggested citation for this chapter. As it stands now, it is obvious that there are potential challenges facing the intelligence community (Agrell 2012, 130). Intelligence Reform: The Lessons and Implications of the Christmas Day Attack. The Future of US Intelligence: Challenges and Opportunities. It is widely recognized that increasing collaboration and communication is key to the IC’s success in a rapidly changing, complex world. Unfairness may result in errors where cameras miss information in the identification of people, places, or objects. Fairfax, VA: AFCEA International Press. Who we are. The following section focuses on opportunities and picks up the implications for In a paper and in testimony before the Senate and House intelligence committees, agency heads described a complex and "cascading" set of national security challenges, with China securing a prominent position among them. Secrecy is a vital concept of the IC; hence, officials must take care when dealing with issues complicated by secrets. Sands, A. Legislators, member of the IC, American citizens and other stakeholder groups are still actively engaged in debates about reform. By Kelsey Reichmann. Our responsibilities to protect civil liberties. Racial sensitivity issues arise because technology is created by humans who are judgmental and biased, leading to detainment of the wrong people hence denying them justice. Quite often, as a result, people neither see the need for change (because they exaggerate how well they are doing) nor are able to make good use of experience. The collection department of an intelligence organization may attempt basic validation of what it collects, but is not supposed to analyze its significance. These barriers include the need for secrecy, “ownership” of information, everyday turf wars, intergroup rivalry, and differing skill sets—none of which is unique to the IC. Reducing the Challenges to Intelligence Collection. Reexamining the distinction between open information and secrets. This paper. The final chapter presents the committee’s recommendations. Lowenthal, M.M. Oversee the development and implementation of a program management plan for acquisition of major systems, doing so jointly with the Secretary of Defense for DOD programs, that includes cost, schedule, and performance goals and program milestone criteria. New York: Cambridge University Press, 263-269. experience (many detailed in subsequent chapters and in the committee’s companion volume, National Research Council, 2011). President Obama’s homeland security adviser, John O. Brennan (2010) said, “We could have brought it together, and we should have brought it together. It has caught the attention of the public as a result of media reports largely because of unlawful intelligence gathering behavior. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Organization. Acta Psychologica, 45(1-3), 223-241. Medical Decision Making, 13, 258-266. Proper and timely analysis of information should be prioritized in the IC. century challenges and to recognize emerging threats and opportunities. of the analysts who receive it. Done well, they can provide a picture not available with individual analyses. Zero plagiarism. Found insideThis book is written for school district administrators, teachers, legislators, policy makers, teacher educators, and educational researchers for developing programs and pathways for a segment of the student and parent population that now ... In May, Sue Gordon, deputy director of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, argued at the annual GEOINT conference that the Intelligence Community was facing an inflection point when it comes to data. Brennan, J. Weâve got you covered. Conference Call with Dr. Ronald Sanders, Associate Director of National Intelligence for Human Capital. Studies in Intelligence, 49, 2. May 18, E17. $26.40 20% Web Discount. Mercado, S.C. (2005). . In 2008, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to establish a committee to synthesize and assess evidence from the behavioral and social sciences relevant to analytic methods and their potential application for the U.S. intelligence community. Sit back relax and leave the writing to us. The DSS CI also articulates the foreign intelligence threat to the US government. In one word: Not from experience. This will be true at NGA both organizationally and technically. Conflicts of Interest. The IC’s inability to function as a unified team has been the subject of more than 40 major studies since the CIA’s establishment in 1947 (Zegart, 2007). Testimony before the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, 111th Cong., 2d sess. Bureaucratic secrecy appears to be the predominant factor in current classification practice, accounting for the majority of the billions of pages of classified records throughout the government. (2005). Because of the complexity, ethical questions arise from intelligence collection and reporting. Arkes, H.R., R.L Wortmann, P.D. Much of the remainder, if it could not be found here (and there is very little of it that could not), could easily be nonsecretively elicited from similar sources abroad. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. This collection includes perspectives from the history of warfare, views on the evolution of US intelligence, and studies on the balance between the need for information-gathering and the values of a democracy." - publisher. National Intelligence Director Avril Haines spoke with Daniel Klaidman, editor in chief of Yahoo News, about the challenges facing the intelligence community during the Biden administration. 3 challenges facing the national security community in the information age. As a result, despite its unique mission and constraints, the IC stands to learn from research conducted in other settings on how to learn from experience, encourage collaboration, and improve communication with its customers. CORE standardizes intelligence reporting across the FBI while integrating field intelligence operations with intelligence community requirements. Attract, develop, and retain a diverse, results-focused, and high-performing workforce capable of providing the technical expertise and exceptional leadership necessary to address our Nation’s security challenges. (1967). Technology should inform the IC on emerging trends and information that is evolving. Both the analysts and their customers must evaluate the analyses based on what they would have been if change in the world had been considered. A critical function of the intelligence community is to help policy-makers form these assumptions, The public has access to technology that allows communication and information sharing. Nonetheless, there is still an ongoing debate about its value relative to clandestine information. The new information environment will require the . This volume discusses the challenges the future holds for different aspects of the intelligence process and for organisations working in the field. analysts cannot be held responsible for the decision makers’ actions that follow, unless they have failed to communicate the analysis effectively, including the confidence that should be placed in it. Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction: Report to the President of the United States, March 31, 2005. The primary missions of the intelligence community (IC) are to reduce uncertainty and provide warning about potential threats to the national security of the United States, the safety of its citizens, and its interests around the world. These challenges derive from shrinking trust in state institutions; the decline in the status of truth in the post-truth and fake news era; the "addiction" bordering on absolute dependence of commanders and decision makers on operational and tactical . As discussed below, the IC is acutely aware of the need to learn and adapt. Another organization that has been established for this purpose is Defense Security Service Counterintelligence whose mission is to identify and prevent unlawful penetrators from accessing the U. Technology is speedily advancing, making the public have access to information. Scientific studies have identified other impediments to learning from. Recognizing that need, the IC has been actively seeking ways to improve its performance and expand its capabilities. The papers in this volume provide the detailed evidentiary base for the National Research Council's report, Intelligence Analysis for Tomorrow: Advances from the Behavioral and Social Sciences. The debate between the need for transparency and secrecy regarding various types of government activities is not a new discussion. Within the IC, the Federal Bureau of Intelligence (FBI) is the federal agency primarily responsible for domestic intelligence. In fact, to help bolster all agency’s abilities to collect and coordinate domestic intelligence, President George W. Bush signed into law the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, better know as the USA Patriot Act. A good clandestine intelligence report may have a heavy ingredient of overt intelligence. In its call for sweeping changes in the IC, the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 described open information as “a valuable source that must be integrated into the intelligence cycle to ensure that United States policymakers are fully and completely informed” (Section 1052.a.2.). This volume discusses the challenges the future holds for different aspects of the intelligence process and for organisations working in the field. Among the issues they addressed were the impact of September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on intelligence gathering . Technological challenges within the Intelligence Community make it difficult for HUMIT superiors and inferiors to strike a balance and confront future issues. The most important step is the complete . The president is not, to be sure, the action officer when it comes to responding to most counterterrorist intelligence—a point not sufficiently recognized amid criticism leveled at Available: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/wmd/pdf/full_wmd_report.pdf [April 2010]. Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name. You may also be familiar with very public releases of information from within the IC community. WASHINGTON, May 18, 2005 - The Defense Intelligence Agency is facing . Strengthen existing and establish new partnerships with foreign and domestic, public and private entities to improve access to sources of information and intelligence, and ensure appropriate dissemination of Intelligence Community products and services. Bauman. Confidence in judgment: Persistence of the illusion of validity. While the United States has made efforts in the development of the National Counterintelligence Executive office (NCIX)l, ess progress has been made in the accomplishment of the strategic counterintelligence mission. Within that act, very specific authorities were granted to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) that directly support the gathering of domestic intelligence (ODNI 2015). S intelligence and technology. Analyses following Pearl Harbor, the 9/11 attacks, and other prominent events often lead to the conclusion that they should have easily been anticipated, had there not been a “failure to connect the dots.” However, research finds that accurate prediction is much harder than it seems in hindsight. However, as psychologists know (e.g., Brehmer, 1980), learning from experience is much harder than it seems. Data overload, dark data and disparate data are three roadblocks that slow down intelligence analysis processes and complicate threat detection. We have begun to identify a few key problems facing the defense and intelligence community that we believe should be prime areas for . The new national security team, however, needs to . These three things have and will continue to be . The Times Magazine. For example, although weather forecasters are often criticized, their probability forecasts in the aggregate are accurate (for a review, see Murphy and Winkler, 1984). Skeptics argue that “the intelligence community’s principal mission is to discover and steal secrets; relying on open sources runs counter to that mission” (Best and Cumming, 2007, p. 4; also Lowenthal, 2009; Mercado, 2005; Sands, 2005; Steele, 2000; Thompson, 2006). Transfer of data from one agency to another can compromise data, and when political or malicious people have access can use the information for their benefits. Murphy, A.H., and R.L. Kennan, G.F. (1997). Lawrence, P.R., and J.W. In fact, intelligence reform is a significant process that has been ongoing for more than 30 years. Top Common Challenges in AI 1. (1995). The INTs involved in technology strategy include open-source intelligence (OSINT), human intelligence (HUMINT), imagery intelligence (IMINT) among others. (2010). Self-Service Data Preparation solutions aid the Intelligence Community in making better use of data, facilitating intelligence sharing across organizations and improving . The creation of the ODNI, after 9/11, was the latest and most serious effort in a long line of initiatives to transform the IC from a collection of semiautonomous agencies into an integrated intelligence system. Washington, DC. Found insideMachine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence influence many aspects of life today. This report identifies some of their shortcomings and associated policy risks and examines some approaches for combating these problems. (n.d.). The behavioral and social sciences have developed ways to address these problems through statistical analyses of multiple forecasts. In case you canât find a sample example, our professional writers are ready to help you with writing your own paper. Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy. of the intelligence community. So, too, is the array of issues that analysts are expected to monitor: see Box 1-1; also see Office of the Director of National Intelligence (2009a, 2009b, 2009c). This will allow the IC to collect, analyze, produce, and disseminate both classified and unclassified data to all the involved parties. For example, efforts to reduce stovepiping should not undermine analysts’ ability to address the specific needs of their customers. From 1941 to 2004, the Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) provided near real-time translations and republication of articles, speeches, and writings from foreign sources, giving information to intelligence officers, others in the U.S. government, reporters, and scholars. . Integration of different technologies is vital because it allows the IC to acquire intelligence and communicate effectively. For example, a prediction of aggression may be wrong, but it may lead to actions that provoke aggression that would not otherwise have happened, thereby falsely confirming an inaccurate prediction. In today's complex and rapidly changing world, it is more important than ever that analytic products be accurate and timely. The IC is large; hence, ethical issues arise from the use of technology. (2007). (n.d.). To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter. The intelligence community has been the object of increased scrutiny since September 11. In fact, it is a delight to be away from Langley for a few hours. These programs are not illegal. Furthermore, information that falls in one category at one moment will often belong in another category at some later date. Our Commission encountered issues that were tangential to our mandate but that are likely to be crucial to the Intelligence Community and the DNI in coming years. Ethical dilemma raises from the need to maintain secrecy and ethics. Retrieved from https://www.hsaj.org/articles/147, Burch, J. Instructions: Your initial post should be at least 350 words. This article analyzes the main contemporary challenges facing strategic intelligence, particularly in Israel and the United States. The Intelligence Community Faces Sharp Challenges, but No Crisis Perhaps the greatest risk is that bitter residue from this scuffle over a single (albeit significant) analytic assessment will . (1981). The military has long been the IC’s dominant customer, with intelligence needs for a wide variety of missions and officials, including the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, commanders of tactical operations, and designers of equipment and tactics. All rights reserved. Wohlstetter, R. (1962). A third impediment to learning from experience is the “treatment effect” (Einhorn and Hogarth, 1978). As an integral part of the intelligence collection cycle, analysts both drive collection of and receive huge—and rapidly increasing—amounts of information. Radically improve the application of information technology—to include information management, integration and sharing practices, systems and architectures (both across the IC and with an expanded set of users and partners)—meeting the responsibility to provide information and intelligence, while at the same time protecting against the risk of compromise. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. The distinction between these two types of analyst was once seen as fundamental. Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/intelligence/liberties, Office of the Director of National Intelligence. IC member agencies range in size from the very small (e.g., the analytic component of the Drug Enforcement Administration’s Office of National Security Intelligence) to the very large (e.g., the National Security Agency [NSA], the CIA, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s National Security Branch). This guide is intended to help them in this process. The guide is directed primarily toward state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies of all sizes that need to develop or reinvigorate their intelligence function. “ stovepipes ” with boundaries that impede collaboration and communication on terrorism has entered a new interior. And disparate data are three roadblocks that slow down intelligence analysis: Lessons from the use of National.! 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